Journal Articles

Author(s). Article title. Journal title abbreviated. Year of publication; volume number(issue number):inclusive pages.

Standard Journal Articles up to Six Authors

Rooney JP. Early thimerosal exposure and neuropsychological outcomes. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 3;358(1):93-4.

Konstas AG, Kozobolis VP, Tsironi S, Makridaki I, Efremova R, Stewart WC. Comparison of the 24-hour intraocular pressure-lowering effects of latanoprost and dorzolamide/timolol fixed combination after 2 and 6 months of treatment. Ophthalmology. 2008 Jan;115(1):99-103.

More than Six Authors

Lai CL, Gane E, Liaw YF, et al. Telbivudine versus lamivudine in patients with chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med. 2007 Dec 20;357(25):2576-88.

No Author(s) listed

Holism and Complementary Medicine: Origins and Principles. Aust Nurs J. Aug 2006;14(2):25.

Letter to the Editor

Scher CS, Torres A, Wieder SY. Internet drug access runs rampant [letter]. Anesth Analg. 2007 Dec;105(6):1868-9.

Published Abstract including Volume Supplement

Want LL, Ratner RE, Uwaifo GI. Safety and tolerability of long-term pramlintide therapy [abstract]. Diabetes. 2004 June; 53 Suppl 2:A150.

Books

Book Chapters

Author(s) of chapter. Title of chapter. In: Editor(s) of book. Title of book. Edition if not first. Place of publication: Publisher; year: pages of book chapter.

Gonzalez FJ, Turkey RH. Drug Metabolism. In: Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 11th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill : Medical Publishing Division; 2006: 71-92.

Package Inserts

Drug name [package insert]. Place of publication: Manufacturer; publication year.

Cialis [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly & C0; 2003.

Unpublished Materials

See pages 59-62 of the AMA Manual of Style (ACP-REF WZ 345 .A43 2007) for information on citing unpublished meeting presentations and material accepted for publication but not yet published. Instructions on how to deal with “personal communications” or conversations can also be found on these pages.

Web Pages

Author(s), if given. Title of specific item cited [Internet]. Year published [cited Year abbreviated Month Day]. Available from: URL:

Hooper JF. Psychiatry & the Law: Forensic Psychiatric Resource Page [Internet]. 1999 [cited 2007 Feb 23]. Available from: http://bama.ua.edu/~jhooper/.

If no author can be found:

Complementary/Integrative Medicine [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2007 Feb 21]. Available from: http://www.mdanderson.org/departments/CIMER/.

Further information:

E-Book Chapters

Stat!Ref collection, Harrison's Online

Author(s) of chapter. Title of chapter. In: author(s)/editor(s) of book. Title of book, edition [monograph on the Internet]. City of publication (state/country of publication): Publisher; year of publication [cited date]. Available from: URL. subscription required to view.

Mometasone furoate. In: McEvoy GK, editor. AHFS drug information 2007 [monograph on the Internet]. Bethesda (MD): American Society of Health-System Pharmacists; 2007 [cited 2007 Aug 24]. Available from: http://online.statref.com. subscription required to view.

Linden CH, Burns MJ. Poisoning and Drug Overdosage. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al, editors. Harrison’s principles of internal medicine, 16th ed. [monograph on the Internet]. New York (NY): The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; 2004-2005 [cited 2007 Aug 24]. Available from: http://www.accessmedicine.com. subscription required to view.

Drug Information Databases

These include the following resources: Clinical Pharmacology, Lexi-Comp, Micromedex, Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database, and Natural Medicines.

Drug Name. In: Database title [database on the Internet]. Publication city (publication state or country): Publisher. Year(s) of publication [updated year month day; cited year month day]. Available from: URL. subscription required to view.

Clinical Pharmacology

Example:

Tamoxifen. In: Clinical Pharmacology [database on the Internet]. Tampa (FL): Gold Standard; 2008 [updated 24 Oct 2006; cited 4 Feb 2008]. Available from: www.clinicalpharmacology.com. subscription required to view.

Lexi-Comp

Lexi-Comp is a resource that makes multiple databases searchable using a single interface. When referencing information found in Lexi-Comp, you must first determine in which database the information appears (the database title is located at the top of the screen, just above the drug name) then follow the format above.

Lexi-Comp databases include:

Example:

Lorazepam. In: Lexi-Drugs Online [database on the Internet]. Hudson (OH): Lexi-Comp, Inc.; 2007 [cited 5 March 2008]. Available from: http://online.lexi.com. subscription required to view.

Micromedex

Micromedex is a resource that makes multiple databases searchable using a single interface. When referencing information found in Micromedex you must first determine in which database the information appears. The database title is located at the top of the screen, just above the drug name.

Micromedex databases include:

Example:

Fluticasone. In: Drugdex [database on the Internet]. Greenwood Village (CO): Thompson Micromedex; 1974-2008 [cited 11 Nov 2007]. Available from: www.micromedex.com. subscription required to view.

Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database

Example:

Folic Acid. In: Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database [database on the Internet]. Stockton (CA): Therapeutic Research Faculty; 1995-2008 [cited 19 October 2007] Available from: http://www.naturaldatabase.com. subscription required to view.

Natural Standard

Example:

Aloe (Aloe vera). In: Natural Standard: the authority on integrative medicine [database on the Internet]. Cambridge (MA): Natural Standard; 2008 [cited 5 February 2008]. Available from: http://www.naturalstandard.com. subscription required to view.

Cochrane Reviews

Note: The Cochrane Library will usually provide a ready-made citation at the top of each document.

Example:

Author(s). Review title. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews publication year, Issue number, Art. No:

Law SK, Li T. Acupuncture for glaucoma. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2007, Issue 4. Art. No.: CD006030. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006030.pub2.

Citation Style Guide Example of Use in a Paper

Below is an example of how the Citation Style Guide is used within a paper. Note the use of superscript numbers to indicate when a reference was used within the paper.

Risk factors for meningococcal disease in college students

Neisseria meningitidis causes an estimated 2400 cases of invasive meningococcal disease annually in the United States with a case fatality rate of 10% to 15%. ¹  Meningococcal disease has traditionally been considered a disease of children; however, it is now a leading cause of both meningitis and sepsis in young adults.²  Since 1990, the number of meningococcal disease outbreaks has increased including on college campuses³ but outbreaks represent only 2% to 3% of overall meningococcal disease.⁴  Over the past 10 years, rates of meningococcal disease among adolescents and young adults have increased 5 while rates among college students were not available ...

References